Plant Diversity in Simien Mountains National Park
Simien Mountains National Park is home to an incredible variety of plant life, with over 1,200 recorded plant species. Due to the park’s high-altitude terrain and diverse climate, vegetation is classified into three distinct zones: Afroalpine, Sub-Afroalpine, and Montane Forest. Each zone supports unique plant species adapted to its specific elevation and environmental conditions.
Vegetation Zones in the Simien Mountains National Park
Afroalpine Zone (≥ 3,701 masl)
- Found at the highest elevations of the park, where temperatures are low and conditions are extreme.
- Giant Lobelias (Lobelia rhynchopetalum), Everlasting Flowers (Helichrysum spp.), and Cushion Plants (Alchemilla spp.)
- Vegetation is sparse, but these specialized plants have adapted to survive in the harsh Afroalpine climate.
Sub-Afroalpine Zone (2,700m – 3,700 masl)
- A transition zone between the Afroalpine meadows and lower montane forests.
- Erica arborea (Tree Heath), Giant St. John’s Wort (Hypericum revolutum), and Hagenia abyssinica (Kosso Tree).
- Montane Forest Zone (1,900m – 3,000 masl)
- Found at lower elevations, where the climate is warmer and more humid.
- Ficus Spp., Olive tree
- This zone plays a key role in biodiversity conservation, providing shelter for diverse bird species and mammals.
Conservation and Importance
The plant diversity in the Simien Mountains is vital for the ecosystem, supporting wildlife, preventing soil erosion, and offering medicinal and economic benefits to local communities.